Pluses floors with flaws

The effectiveness of underground construction confirm successful international projects. For example, a huge underground center in Montreal, Canada, which is a place of pilgrimage for tourists. This many people descend on the elevator directly from their homes without going outside. And get into the whole underground city with a gallery of shops - so different that they can buy everything: from the collar for the dog to household appliances and a diamond necklace. In addition, under the ground are also plenty of cinemas, cafes, restaurants, banks, and other objects of entertainment and business infrastructure. The length of the streets of this underground city (anything but the lack of sunlight and the sky above your head, do not differ from the usual shopping area) is about 30 kilometers.
But in the underground city under Japanese Osaka is easy to get lost. Underground of the streets are not straight, but are designed in the form of the labyrinth. Streets, shops in the basements of department stores and office buildings and new shopping centers form a complex network of underground streets. And it is very difficult to determine in advance which part of the city find yourself when go out to the surface. A similar concept is implemented in London's business district of Canary Warth, where many buildings are connected by underground galleries, engage in trade.
Also the underground space is used effectively in Tokyo, Las Vegas, Paris and other major cities.
Underground projects, as yet not so frequent, often attract attention. For example, the construction of the world's first underground hotel in Shanghai was a real sensation. According to the project unique hotel will go in depth on the 21 floor.
Lack of land in Moscow forced the officials to think about development of the capital's underground. While the utilization of the underground potential of the city rather modest - in the capital is used only 8% of the underground space. Officials offered to bring this figure up to the level of Western countries, where the average is 20-25%.

Rate of underground life

In Moscow, there was always an acute shortage of available sites for construction, especially in the city center. "This is a circumstance in the early 20 th century prompted the authorities in Moscow to develop the concept of active use of underground space. By the time of our builders have already accumulated significant experience in underground construction as an example of underground facilities and other special purpose", - said director of marketing and sales of "Neighborhood" Sergei Lushkin.
In June this year, city authorities have approved the concept of legislative development of underground space and the main directions of development of underground urban capital. According to this concept in 2010 in Moscow planned to build about 2 million square meters. meters underground multi-use complexes, including garages, parking, entertainment and shopping centers, sports facilities, museums, archives and other infrastructure. Then, as promised officials in Moscow boils underground life.
Introducing the concept, first deputy head of the Department's urban policy development and reconstruction of Moscow King Constantine said that while the city underground space is used inefficiently. "In the capital there are several good examples of this building: shopping center under Manege Square, Lefortovo tunnel, but in comparison with international experience, this is still very small. Below the ground level can be placed up to 70% of garages, storage facilities and half of the 30% of service companies "- said K. Royal.
According to the concept, it is anticipated the development of underground space of the Boulevard Ring, All-Russia Exhibition Center, Academician Sakharov Prospect, rainwater channels, metro station "Sokol", "Tepliy stan", "Riga", "Highway enthusiasts," Tekstilshchiki "," Warsaw " "Nagatinskaja, and three stations of the Moscow Railway - Moskvorechye", "Time Mark", "Testovskaya.
Underground construction in Moscow is intended to deal with the perennial problems of big city - traffic jams and lack of parking spaces. To do this under the earth's surface will appear doubles Moscow's busiest thoroughfares, such as Tverskaya, Krimsky Val, Novy Arbat, as well as in the central area. In particular, Paveletskaya between the Metropole Hotel and the Hotel "Moscow", Pushkin Square, Old, Triumph, Turgenev, Jauzskaja and Tverskaya Zastava. In addition to parking lots and intersections will be here with all the necessary for the life of streets and squares infrastructure: shopping and entertainment centers, cafes, restaurants and other facilities.
Evaluating the program, and Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov stressed its need for viability of such a large metropolis like Moscow. "The program is needed, and I think that we need not enter 8% of underground facilities from the total area of buildings in Moscow and 80%", - said the mayor.
Deputy Mayor Iosif Ordzhonikidze said that ideally, the development of Moscow's interior must be comprehensive, large areas. As an example to follow, he led the business center "City", the underground portion of which occupies 60 hectares.
If all the planned underground facilities in the capital will be built, then the Moscow underground city area pereplyunet Montreal.
Implementation of the concept will cost the city at 268.7 million rubles, which is proposed to spend on the planning of underground space and the development of the main directions of development of the cave.
However, not all of the underground space of the city suitable for construction. The experience of "Neighborhood" shows that the construction of more than three or four underground levels unprofitable. "In general, in Moscow building below 20 meters very difficult. In some parts of the Moscow-dominated soils, quicksand, such construction is impossible. Due to the high density of buildings and a large number of monuments underground building in the center of Moscow, is severely limited. In this case, the most profitable sites are underground shopping malls or underground parking ", - said S. Lushkin.

The contribution will be the treasure?

Under the concept, construction will be funded from the investors. However, as investors themselves are interested in such a construction? According to the company "MIEL", construction of underground space in an average of 50-70% more expensive than onshore construction. "Construction costs of land area is $ 1000-1200, while the underground, it grows to $ 1800-2100 per square meter", - said department director of consulting and research company Miel - Commercial Real Estate Aidar Galeev.
In addition, last year the law was repealed exemptions for development of underground space. "Earlier the Government Resolution in Moscow on September 19, 1995 N 789" On stimulating the development of underground spaces in the process of construction and reconstruction ", which envisaged the possibility of reducing the share of the city on those areas to 0%. This demonstrates a significant reduction of charges, significantly reducing the amount of funds that are invested by the investor. While on ground space proportion of the city can take up to 40% ", - said A. Galeev. However, he said, the decision of the Government of Moscow dated January 17, 2006 N 28-PT abolished the above-mentioned resolution with the following motivation: "Taking into account the increased technical capacity development of underground spaces, specific use of underground structures, changing rules of the legislative framework Russia and the city Moscow, and given that the selection of investors for investment projects in the construction industry on a competitive basis, taking into account all the possible costs of investors, including the use of underground space.
"Thus, at the normative level of benefits left. Everything is decided individually in each case", - said A. Galeev.
In the new concept of an internal "activities to create the incentive system of underground space." This means that at the beginning of the implementation of this concept, that is, by next year, developers will need to find effective methods of attracting investors. Already heard the deputies' proposals to reduce the proportion of the city again in the underground construction and reduce the rental rate on land.

Children Underground

But not all residents of the city are eager to explore the underground sphere of life. According to polls, plans for active development of underground space frighten many Muscovites, who fear the collapse of buildings (especially houses), under which such facilities will be built. Already, even before the massive development of underground space of the city, constantly having reported the appearance of dips in the streets of Moscow. Most Dmitrovka fails with alarming frequency. Fail sandy streets in the "Falcon" and "Leningrad women". Conducting underground work, the building now and then damage the pipes, telephone cables and foundations of houses.
Head Center Digger-Spas "Vadim Mikhailov warned that underground construction may lead to collapse of neighboring buildings. "If during the construction of underground soils strengthen below the ground, around it, this is generally not done, it increases the risk of collapse", - explained V. Mikhailov.
In addition, there is a perception that people are contraindicated for a long time in premises without daylight. Therefore, for many people it seems inappropriate to build underground stores, restaurants, entertainment facilities, for reasons not only security but also the natural psychological comfort.
But almost no one objects to the construction of underground parking lots, garages, and transport interchanges. According to the majority in this area, underground construction may be the salvation for the rapidly developing cities.