The Russians so far, it has been almost 15 years, can not accept privatization. This is evidenced by sociological studies. The results of privatization in Russia continues to cause great controversy. At least because, having received a voucher, it could participate every adult citizen, and a real benefit received only favorites. Someone calls the transfer of socialist ownership in private hands "prihvatizatsiey" someone, in contrast, argues that without the divestiture of objects of the national economy is the most economy was doomed to languish. Subject privatization is so divided society that a consensus on it can not expect any in the short or medium term. The rest have "broken trough" what the vast majority will never accept the view of those who are able to provide power at the lowest price the assets and turn from, say, ordinary co-operative in the billionaires. However, as the head of the Politika Foundation, Vyacheslav Nikonov, officials from the solution of which depended the fate of a property, tried to ensure, "to be at least a millionaire." "There is no sense that big business acquired in an honest way. This gives a shaky foundation for property, especially large-scale, creates opportunities for the redistribution of property", - said yesterday, Mr. Nikonov during the discussion of the sociological survey conducted by the Institute of Social and Political Studies RAN. Sociologists, interviewing 2,800 Russians from all major population groups in 54 cities and towns of all federal districts (survey was conducted in May), found the attitude of Russians to the results of privatization. The picture turned out pretty. 77% of respondents believe that most owners of large private property not owned by it on law. 81% of Russians believed that as a result of privatization occurred plundering national wealth of the country. But even this is not so bad. It turns out that, despite years of efforts of the authorities, aimed, inter alia, on "equidistant" business (read - the oligarchs) from the government to fight corruption, etc. etc., 70% of Russians believe that today live in conditions of "crony, semi-criminal, oligarchic capitalism." Not by chance the vast majority of respondents responded positively to the partial revision of privatization results, if this property was obtained by crime, criminal path. But at the same time as presenting the report said the vice president of Russia Academy of Social Sciences, Vilen Ivanov, many respondents did not seek a massive revision of privatization results, including the fact that they do not believe in the legitimacy and fairness of the new redistribution of property. According to him, the poll showed that Russians want the business corrected the mistakes in the course of privatization, by improving its social responsibility. Furthermore, neither the majority of the population, nor the experts (in the study were interviewed and 700 experts from government officials, journalists, academics, law enforcement officials) do not expect a broad nationalization of large private property. Given the assessment of the current social order in Russia (the clan, semi-criminal, oligarchic capitalism "), the point of view that this can not happen, does not cause surprise. It lies not in the plane of the relationship of different forms of ownership in a market economy, whose main goal - improving the efficiency and competitiveness of the economy of a country. Respondents simply do not see a force that could carry out large-scale nationalization. Although the State to return the assets of many large citizens still want. According to most respondents, the presence of the state should be dominant in the energy and military-industrial complex, the extractive industries. "The majority of Russians favor of the idea of nationalization of some large enterprises and corporations that have strategic importance in the economy of Russia", - says Vilen Ivanov. According to him, the reform of the electricity, it involves the transfer to private ownership of generating capacity, appreciated only 1% of the respondents. It is possible, however, that there played an important role consistently negative attitude of Russians personally to the head of RAO UES of Russia "Anatoly Chubais. Results of the survey showed that, after nearly 20 years after the start of market reforms in Russia and almost 15 years after the privatization of many Russians have not fully adopted a new social system for them, the more so laced with national characteristics. However, one could hardly expect otherwise, given the distortions and errors in the formation of a democratic market society (namely, a society is presently the most effective, as evidenced by the experience of developed countries), as expressed in particular in a catastrophic polarization of the population by income. The gap between rich and poor is not decreasing, but increasing, despite rising salaries and other governmental action to combat poverty. Privatization greatly offended the morality of our people, "- says Professor MSU and MGIMO Victor Kuvaldin. And the formula "can abide - together with any," he said, is not taking place. Academic invited to actively develop small and medium businesses, to involve him more and more Russians to neutralize the consequences of denationalization. "In this direction we should find a way out" - he said. Another negative outcome of privatization, in the opinion of Mr. Kuvaldina, that Russia has not succeeded in creating a competitive economy. In turn, the political scientist Aleksei Kiva called expert community to reverse the trend and do not justify any actions by the authorities. "We must understand that the authority itself had never evaluated the situation realistically, especially in Russia," - he said.
|
