Defects in construction occur anywhere - except that the absence of a roof has not yet encountered. `They're coming to the complaint window, which closes poorly or not at all close, - says Irina Sokolova. - There may be cracks in the facade - such that all space is blown. In most apartment sometimes found remnants of building materials like concrete, which is required to harvest a lot of effort '. Often in homes or the ones not working elevators and ventilation.

One of the most frequent phenomena - curves floors, walls and ceilings. `This problem belongs to the homes of all classes, - says Sergey Leontiev. - The rules of the unevenness of the walls and ceilings can reach up to 15 mm, but the monolithic-brick buildings are permitted inaccuracies and errors in construction, because of which the deviations are 7-8 cm `. When it comes to housing for the waiting, which is transmitted to the finish, the number of defects increases in the times: Unstick wallpaper, curved shells, broken toilets, the current bath.

Quantity without quality

Attributed to inadequate quality may be poorly developed system of state control over developers. But even before the construction of each project passes through the whole chain of approvals, the length and complexity that the builders do not get tired to complain. `Part of the state there are seven types of control, - says Sergey Leontiev. - This is an engineering survey and examination of project documentation for compliance with technical and environmental standards, permitting, certifying compliance documentation city development plans. In addition, the city government will give permission to the commissioning of real estate and provides staging facilities on account of `.

Directly in the process of construction quality control exercised by a representative from the Committee of State Construction Supervision of the city (Mosgosstroynadzor), `assigned 'to a particular item. 'Responsible persons are also the foreman, the master, foreman, team leader - says the first deputy general director of the company `Sea` Plaza Valery Chernyshev. - In addition to this supervision is carried out by the organization, designed the building `.

At construction sites maintained logs to record what types of work performed and what materials were used. With their supply of notes: that accepted from anyone, invoice number and certificate. `If we speak of the hidden works that can not be verified after they are completed (eg, reinforcement floor slabs, walls, foundations, piping systems, heat and water. -` `F.), then each of them is also an act signed by the supervising authority, contractor, subcontractor, representative of the technical supervision and other responsible persons', - adds Valery Chernyshev.

Thus, at any stage of work the building appears to have remained unattended. However, as recognized by one of the market participants 'number of controlling bodies is inversely proportional to the quality of work, since it is necessary to save him, that was enough for the passage of control'.

State filters

According to the chairman of the Commission on New Development and Planning City Duma Mikhail Moskvin-Tarkhanov number of inspections and government officials trying to at least partially compensate for their lack of effectiveness: `We live in Russia, where everything rests on three pillars:` Perhaps, I suppose, and somehow `. The reason - especially the psychology of work, characteristic of the whole of Eastern Europe. Some workers control and inspection bodies are working on the same principles of `.

As informally explained the representative of a development company, today in Moscow there is a possibility to agree on virtually any project in an amount ranging from 5 to 15% of the value of the object. And alignment often easier to buy than to receive, respecting all the requirements.

Furthermore, judging from the reviews of Builders, regulatory authorities often formal approach to the permitting process, whereas the real test begins after the event - in the case of detection of defects in the constructed object. `This is reminiscent of the work of traffic police - notes president of the corporation` Barkley `Leonid Kazinets., - When the dot draw their individual offenders, but it did not help eradicate the massive violations of`. Even more tightly on this topic expressed the head of the department `Real Estate. Land. Construction of the company `` `Vegas-Lex Yuri Borisenko:` In the final consumer, nobody do not care quality construction. All agree concerning the actual project construction and land, and of compliance with no one really watches. While there, watching, if the area of the object has increased - for additional payments to the budget '.

Standard framework

Quality construction requires compliance with certain mandatory standards and norms. Since the Soviet era in the construction area that role performed SNiPs - building regulations. However, it has been two years in our country is the reform of technical regulation, suggesting the development of technical rules (TR) for all industries, including building. TP should replace SNiPs from 1 July 2010, but now some professionals say `transition` dangerous for the quality of constructed facilities. As director of the department assures the industry of the RF Government Olga Pushkareva, `created earlier system of technical regulation in building no matter how legitimate, but not abolished in the prescribed manner, and a new system based on technical regulations to be established. The consequences of errors that can be tolerated because of the inadequacy or lack of regulatory framework, it is difficult even to predict. For example, in Moscow, began construction of a number of tall buildings, to which the existing rules do not apply, and quickly (before the development of regulations) to make appropriate clarifications SNiPs not possible `.

Until 2010 SNiPs are enforceable in such areas as the protection of life or health of citizens, property, natural or legal persons, state or municipal property, environment, life or health of animals and plants, prevention of acts of misleading purchasers. `These goals are vague enough to apply the standards and allow almost unlimited, - says Yuri Borisenko. - In addition, many SNiPs made mandatory through reference in regulatory documents such as resolutions of the Government of Russia, the Moscow government, etc. The customer can contract with the contractor to establish that compliance with the SNIP required for the project `.

In addition, the construction market in Moscow also has a number of interim rules and regulations developed by the municipal officials of the transitional period. With every desire to refer to the absence of regulatory standards as an explanation of poor quality can only with great reserve.

Human factor

In a situation where there are regulatory standards and supervisory bodies, as the weak link remains the low qualification of workers and unfair. On the personnel shortage in the industry complain about all the developers. `We do not have a real embodiment of concepts such as` school superintendents `,` transfer of experience `,` instruction `workers, - argues Director of the Department of Economics Rigrup` `Olga Morozova. - Unfortunately, we are constantly confronted with the problem of lack of specialists. Quality of training in vocational schools and the majority of construction companies leaves much to be desired '.

According to Valery Chernyshev, lack of qualified personnel - the biggest disaster the industry: `On the construction of the involved workers who assert that all can do it, but the reality is otherwise. During the crisis, most of the engineering staff dramatically changed the scope of activities to support themselves and their families. Now they were quite difficult to return back - skilled workers, as a qualified leader, you have to pay a decent wage. And today there are cases when unqualified staff, pick up information on the top, make decisions with serious technical errors'.

An even more serious problem is the dishonesty and negligence of builders. `We, as we can, we fight with frequent sloppiness, but it is by checking to verify - resents Mikhail Moskvin-Tarkhanov. - A lot of violations are: ignore safety, hire cheap foreign workers. Sometimes construction projects do not agree with the boundaries of the site `. And it is not only the immediate perpetrators of carelessness: in the end, our clients can better control with his hand or look at the hack through their fingers. The second type of behavior, obviously, is more common. `Highly profitable development business sometimes pushes developers to increase the volume of construction while reducing development time`, - says Sergey Leontiev.

Much of the materials arriving at the Moscow area, does not meet international standards. Many of them are purchased in markets, where control over compliance with trade regulations is very weak. `In addition, certificates for the materials are easily obtained, counterfeited and can be transferred to the classification of completely different products', - says Olga Morozova. As a result, the quality of construction is totally depending on the will and decency of several people, guiding the process of building. And it practically negates the whole complicated system of control and regulation.

Controlled Future

Now the experts and market participants are practically absent any clear ideas about how to rectify the situation with the quality. The state is trying to create a new system of control. So, in May this year, the State Inspectorate of Architecture and Construction Supervision of Moscow (IGASN) in accordance with the new Urban Development Code of the RF was transformed into Mosgosstroynadzor and was part of the function Moscomarchitecture. `This was done to bring the supervisory authority of the institution itself, partly to free him from the scope of industry interest, - says Mikhail Moskvin-Tarkhanov. - Now the new committee will report directly to the Government of Moscow and Moscow's mayor. This will overcome the pressure `from` builder `.

Since 2007, the control of the erection of social and production facilities than 75 meters will service the federal building supervision. She also will monitor and for new technologies and materials used in construction. To do this, each subject of the RF will be created structural divisions Gosstroynadzora. Objects smaller sizes remain in the hands of local authorities.

However, the problem of quality is unlikely to be resolved only with additional control. Now the developers feel like royalty on the market. `With the current shortage of offers such criteria as quality of housing, no longer plays a special role - explains Deputy Director General` MIAN-development `Natalia Saakyants. - Apartments are sold absolutely any `. Certainly, the massive construction is not a panacea (remember even Khrushchev ``). Nevertheless, all the necessary conditions for construction are not Aby as a quality and reliable, we have now. Another thing - who needs it, but buyers of apartments?

Blamed, along with the house

Most of the tenants complain of home economy class. However, problems arise in the sector of more expensive housing. Thus, the complex houses 'Scarlet Sails' is located on the ground in plyvuchih geodesically danger zone, which can lead to subsidence and deformation structures. On the mobile soil has also been built and the highest building in Europe - `Triumph Palace`, which is why the building collapsed when one of the walls. Basement of the building got `inherited 'from The projected earlier in his place of sports facilities and is designed for more benign load than the skyscraper. Similar problems have arisen in the `Oasis` Park - for the first six months of operation of the facility foundations started to sink, giving rise to large (up to 1 cm) cracks between the walls. The residential complex 'crown' builders stop a large gap in monolithic slabs, partially exposing the metal frame and privarivaya additional fittings. Externally, the problem was difficult to notice, as superimposed on top of a layer of plaster, but for security residential facility similar building `tricks' pose a serious danger.

How to fight for money

The owners of apartments with a flaw there are several ways to influence the developers. If the apartment was obtained from the city, enough to call for `hotline` Mosgosstroynadzora. In the case of commercial housing, then, firstly, you can apply to the construction company itself: it must provide the buyer with a five-year warranty period, within which any claim. If the company fails to fulfill its obligations, the buyer may file a complaint to the Moscow housing inspection, or contact one of the commercial organizations to protect consumer rights. In this case, his rights will be upheld in court. But since such litigation attracted no less than six months, in most cases to deal with the consequences of defects in construction have been by residents. Prove their case the consumer can not in all cases. In fact, builders can avoid liability - a violation of building codes is very difficult to prove in court.